Implementación de una plataforma IOT para la supervisión continua de parámetros de calidad del agua en cultivos de camarón utilizando tecnología LORAWAN

Abstract

In the present thesis work, an IoT-based platform was developed and implemented for the continuous monitoring of physicochemical water parameters in shrimp farming systems, using LoRaWAN communication technology. The system was designed to optimize real-time monitoring of critical variables such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity, contributing to disease prevention and improved productivity in aquaculture farms. The implemented prototype integrates specialized sensors connected to an ESP32 microcontroller with LoRa technology, enabling data transmission to a LoRaWAN gateway and subsequent storage in an InfluxDB database. For data visualization and analysis, dashboards were developed using Node-RED and Grafana, facilitating remote supervision and alert generation when parameters exceed optimal ranges. Additionally, a floating mechanical structure was designed using SolidWorks to ensure safe field installation, providing stability and protection for electronic components. System validation was carried out in a shrimp pond, where proper data acquisition, transmission, and real-time storage were successfully verified. The obtained results demonstrate that the implementation of LoRaWAN-based IoT technologies represents an efficient and low-cost alternative for small and medium-scale producers, improving decision-making processes, reducing sanitary risks, and strengthening the sustainability of the Ecuadorian shrimp farming sector.