Implementación de un Sistema de Inyección Electrónica en un Motor Carburado como Plataforma de Transición Hacia el Uso de Combustibles Alternativos Basados en Hidrógeno

Abstract

The decarbonization of transport drives the need to experiment with new energy sources such as hydrogen; however, research in this area requires versatile testing platforms and precise control, which is a common limitation in carbureted engines. Therefore, this project focuses on the implementation of a programmable electronic fuel injection (EFI) system in a stationary engine, replacing its original carburetor to create a technological base suitable for the transition toward alternative fuels. The methodological development was structured in sequential phases. First, an operational baseline was established by diagnosing and measuring engine emissions in its carbureted state. Second, the EFI hardware—consisting of sensors (CKP, MAP, IAT, CHT, O2), actuators, and a EMS Plus ECU—was integrated, performing mechanical adaptations and the electrical harness design. Third, the calibration of fuel and ignition maps was carried out, validating the system through comparative gas tests according to applicable technical regulations. The results showed that the switch to EFI stabilized the air-fuel ratio, achieving a 67.39% reduction in CO emissions, a 69.57% reduction in HC emissions, and a significant increase in CO2 concentration to an average of 12%, indicating much more complete and efficient combustion. Finally, safety protocols and base maps were defined for the future injection of gasoline-hydrogen mixtures, providing an open experimental platform for research on energy transition.