Implementación de IED’s en las funciones de protección de motores eléctricos de inducción de media y baja tensión

Abstract

Induction motors are essential in modern industry and represent the largest share of industrial electrical consumption. Due to their widespread use and exposure to various electrical and mechanical faults, reliable protection systems are crucial. In recent years, Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED's) have become the primary technology for motor protection, integrating advanced measurement, analysis, communication, and diagnostic capabilities under international standards such as IEEE, IEC, and ANSI. Despite these advantages, there is no comprehensive and standardized methodology for configuring and validating protection functions in IED's applied to low- and medium-voltage induction motors, particularly within the Ecuadorian context. This gap leads to issues such as poor coordination, false trips, and undetected faults, compromising system reliability. This research proposes the development of a complete technical methodology for configuring and evaluating IED's protection functions, based on relevant international standards and validated through experimental testing using equipment such as the OMICRON CMC 356 and a dynamometric test bench. The methodology will benefit engineers, technicians, and researchers by offering a clear and standardized approach to improving safety, efficiency, and operational continuity of electric motors in industrial and academic environments. The results obtained demonstrate that the combination of secondary injection testing and tests with real mechanical load allows for a comprehensive and reliable validation of electric motor protection schemes.