Diseño y construcción de un banco de carga esfuerzo motor para la simulación y análisis de curvas de trabajo de motores de combustión interna en el laboratorio de Ingeniería Automotriz sede Quito – Campus Sur

Abstract

The purpose of this project is to design and build a functional and versatile load bench for the existing test engines in the engine laboratory at the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito Campus - South Campus. This work responds to the need for a system that allows for standardized measurements of fundamental parameters such as torque, power, and angular velocity, thus contributing to the optimal use of the laboratory's educational and experimental resources.

The first phase of the project consisted of a detailed analysis of the available physical space, the layout of the test benches, and the engines in the laboratory. This diagnosis identified the main limitations of the current system, such as the lack of compatibility between the engines and the existing measurement elements, as well as difficulties in transmitting motion. Based on the results obtained, an operating range for the dynamometer was established between 1,000 and 4,500 revolutions per minute, a value considered adequate to cover the operating characteristics of the engines under test. Based on these requirements, a pulley transmission system was designed with a 10:1 reduction ratio, allowing the engine output speed to be adapted to the optimal operating speed of the dynamometer. The system design considered the type of coupling required for each engine, ensuring proper shaft alignment and a direction of rotation compatible with the dynamometer brake. Belt tension conditions and pulley diameter sizing were also taken into account, ensuring efficient and safe transmission without excessive slippage or significant energy losses.