Desarrollo de un prototipo de circuito electrónico de rastreo de aves silvestres para la evaluación de posición georreferencial en zonas colindantes con el aeropuerto de Guayaquil

Abstract

The objective of this project is to develop a prototype electronic circuit to track wild birds and evaluate their georeferenced position in areas near the Guayaquil airport. The selection of GPRS technology as a means of data transmission is based on its viability in the Ecuadorian context, where the satellite signal, although wide in coverage, presents high costs and vulnerabilities that make it less accessible. GPRS is presented as a more stable and economical solution, suitable for the needs of this project. To carry out the tracking, the ESP32 ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller is used, which manages the data captured by the GY-NE07MV2 GPS module, responsible for determining the location through satellite signals. Data transmission is done through a GSM module, while the MS5611 module measures atmospheric pressure to improve positioning accuracy. The integration and configuration of these components allows the creation of a robust system for theoretical bird tracking. In addition, an online control panel was developed to visualize the data collected in real time. Finally, a test plan was designed that included various navigation scenarios and high accuracy benchmarks were established to compare the readings of the prototype with those of a commercial GPS device. Tests were conducted in urban and rural environments at different altitudes, evaluating the GPS circuit's ability to maintain a stable and accurate signal in various situations. The results showed that the prototype has an acceptable performance in position evaluation, with certain limitations due to its experimental nature. It was concluded that the prototype is viable for future applications with birds, recommending improvements in accuracy and signal stability.