Simulación y análisis del comportamiento biomecánico de la cadera de un lactante menor con luxación congénita bilateral mediante elementos finitos

Abstract

The present study deals with the modeling and simulation of the hip anatomy in a pediatric patient with bilateral congenital dislocation. The design of the study is described, starting with relevant data such as the patient's data, a female infant and physical and ultrasound examinations that showed the dislocation of the hip. It is important to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, by means of exhaustive clinical examinations and ultrasound studies, considering geometric morphometric analysis data of the hip anatomy, measurements of the alpha and beta angles, as well as the bone coverage distance and the maximum diameter of the femoral head. Congenital dislocation or developmental dysplasia of the hip is an osteomuscular condition frequently presented in children under 2 years of age, the long-term solution for infants to achieve an adequate functionality of the joint in adulthood is an early diagnosis. Based on the arguments presented, it is necessary to perform the simulation and analysis of the biomechanical behavior of the hip of an infant with bilateral congenital dislocation using the finite element technique, these analyses allow modeling and simulating the hip joint, considering the mechanical properties and applied forces, this provides detailed information on stresses and deformations to the medical staff in charge of the case. It allows to have a better understanding of the disease mechanisms and to plan treatments, being also useful in the design and optimization of orthopedic devices and decision making to improve the function and quality of life of patients with congenital hip dislocation.