Análisis de la degradación y vida útil del lubricante motor, en un vehículo pesado, marca Hino modelo AK mediante ensayos de viscosidad y conteo de partículas

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the analysis of the degradation and useful life of engine lubricant in a heavy-duty Hino model AK vehicle. This study is conducted through viscosity tests and particle counting, aiming to evaluate the quality and performance of the lubricant under real operating conditions. Urban public transportation, especially buses with diesel engines, plays a crucial role in urban mobility due to their capacity to transport large numbers of people efficiently. The San Francisco de Chillogallo company, dedicated to urban transport in Quito, faces significant challenges in maintaining its units, particularly regarding the degradation of engine lubricants. Engine lubricant is essential for the operation and durability of diesel engines as it reduces friction, dissipates heat, prevents corrosion, and keeps the engine clean. However, factors such as poor fuel quality, engine overload, and poor filter condition can accelerate lubricant degradation, reducing its effectiveness and increasing maintenance costs. This project analyzes the degradation and useful life of the lubricant in a heavy-duty Hino model AK vehicle through viscosity tests and particle counting. This model is chosen due to its widespread use in the company's fleet and the need to optimize its maintenance. The main objective is to evaluate the quality and performance of the lubricant under real operating conditions, identifying the factors contributing to its degradation. Advanced techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and particle counting are used to detect contaminants and changes in oil viscosity. This analysis will benefit the San Francisco de Chillogallo company by enabling informed decisions regarding fleet maintenance and will contribute valuable data to the field of automotive engineering regarding oil behavior under demanding operational conditions. The project aims to provide a deeper understanding of the processes involved in oil lubricant degradation in diesel engines and to develop practical recommendations for improving maintenance and extending engine life, thus contributing to the efficiency and sustainability of public transportation in Quito.