Uso de las TIC en la educación superior en Ecuador: Análisis comparativo antes y durante la pandemia del COVID

Abstract

ICTs are used in many areas of commercial and social interest, higher education is a sensitive area that adopts tools to take advantage of time and space for teachers and students. Our objective in this research is to carry out a comparative analysis on the use of ICT in higher education in Ecuador before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of scientific literature is carried out in the main search engines such as WOS, Scopus, Google Schoolar through a qualitative, descriptive and interpretative research to identify factors or patterns of higher education, then a survey was carried out in 4 universities of Guayaquil on 40 teachers and 92 students to know closed opinions and effects in this target group. Among the results: we identified factors such as stimulation, adaptability impact, interactivity and support, in addition to explaining the causes; the analysis of the survey was divided into similar and differentiated questions, in similarity we observed that the most used tools are Kahoot, Quizz, Zoom, Teams, Moodle, a good percentage reported connection problems and increased the use of ICT; in differentiation we observe that many teachers did not receive training and want to maintain virtuality for fear of covid-19, while students prefer virtual modality and feel that ICT affects them in a positive way. It is concluded that ICTs are more positive in higher education students because they motivate self-training with more active tools for learning because students are generation Z or digital natives; on the other hand, teachers have the challenge of continuous training through ICT.