Estereotipos étnicos en las ilustraciones del texto escolar de ciencias sociales de sexto año de básica

Abstract

The research focused on analyzing the ethnic stereotypes that appear in the illustrations of the Social Sciences textbook for the Sixth Year of Basic Education in Ecuador. A sample of 131 illustrations of the book was taken into account and distributed in three content blocks. The results showed that the most predominant ethnic group is mestizo (60%), white (18%), Afro-descendant (13%) and indigenous (8%). Regarding ethnic stereotypes, two axes were analyzed: on the one hand, the socioeconomic strata, where it was identified that the low level has a higher incidence (47%); on the other hand, it was evidenced that the most illustrated customs are those related to white people, where urban activities stand out above all (79%). This fact has an impact on the student's development throughout his or her student life and has a strong influence on the way he or she will later develop in society and in the different areas of his or her life. Discrimination, like stereotypes, is consciously or automatically consolidated by the cultural models that those involved in a society access among themselves; intervene values and beliefs that are an inherent part of their identity and attributes associated with it.