Análisis de los factores que influyen en la competitividad de los puertos en la Ciudad de Guayaquil

Abstract

This research examines the determinants of the competitiveness of the port system in Guayaquil. This city is a strategic hub for foreign trade because it handles a high percentage of the country's exports and imports. In an increasingly dynamic and competitive global environment, operational efficiency, digitalization, automation, infrastructure, technology, human talent management, and other factors become key determinants that require improvement. The main objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the competitiveness of the ports in the city of Guayaquil. A mixed-methods approach is used, with a non-experimental, descriptive, and explanatory design. This approach is based on structured surveys of port employees and semi- structured interviews with experts in port competitiveness, complemented by the analysis of secondary information. The results show that infrastructure, as well as the capacity and condition of the docks, significantly influence the speed and efficiency with which ships are serviced during load handling. When resources are insufficient or outdated, delays, congestion, and higher operating costs occur. It is concluded that port competitiveness depends on adequate planning, load distribution, as well as the digitization and automation of processes, which allow for reduced service times for shipments and shipments of goods.