Diseño de un sistema de generación solar fotovoltaica interconectado a la red eléctrica con respaldo de baterías para el Supermercado Santa María, sector Tumbaco, Quito

Abstract

This study analyzes the technical, energy, and economic feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic system with energy storage using a battery bank at the Santa María Supermarket. To this end, electricity consumption was characterized based on an analysis of billing data for twelve consecutive months under the BTCGCD31 tariff, determining an annual consumption of 628,020 kWh, an approximate billable demand of 19.4 kW, and a relevant base load mainly associated with refrigeration systems. Based on this data, a 420.03 kWp photovoltaic system was designed, consisting of 718 585 Wp modules and four 100 kW inverters, with a simulated annual generation of 624,126 kWh, equivalent to nearly 99% of the establishment's annual energy consumption. The hourly analysis of the simulation indicates that approximately 54.4% of the energy generated is directly self-consumed, while the annual surplus is estimated at 265,633 kWh during periods of high irradiance, reducing the energy imported from the grid to about 269,527 kWh/year. The storage system, with a nominal capacity of 193.5 kWh, was incorporated mainly to back up critical loads and provide limited support for demand management, managing around 51 MWh/year with approximately 330 cycles per year. From an economic point of view, the viability of the project depends on the valuation scheme.