Análisis filogenético y biogeográfico del género Masdevallia (Orchidaceae) en Ecuador mediante el marcador molecular ITS

Abstract

This study examines the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns of the genus Masdevallia in Ecuador, using the nuclear ITS marker in order to improve its taxonomic delimitation and provide criteria for the conservation of a highly diverse and morphologically complex lineage. The aim is to infer the phylogeny of Ecuadorian species and to evaluate their spatial structure based on molecular and geographic information. ITS sequences were compiled from public databases, considering those present in Ecuador. Quality control, alignment using MUSCLE, and evolutionary model selection were applied. Phylogenetic inferences were performed using RAxML and MrBayes, while biogeographic reconstruction was carried out with RASP using the BBM approach, integrating distribution records along the Ecuadorian Andean gradient. The results are expected to show higher interspecific resolution compared to plastid markers, as well as the identification of clades with congruent support for dispersal, vicariance, and altitudinal isolation. In addition, the recognition of key areas of diversification along the Andean axis is anticipated. These findings will contribute to prioritizing the conservation of endemic and threatened species, strengthening the evolutionary and biogeographic understanding of Orchidaceae in Ecuador.