Evaluación del consumo energético de sistemas de aire acondicionados en diferentes áreas del edificio e para definir estrategias de ahorro energético

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to measure the electrical consumption of air conditioners located in different areas of Building E, in order to implement technical strategies to improve energy consumption and energy efficiency. In university buildings, air conditioning systems are among the highest electricity consumers (especially in warm climates) due to their high installed power and the hours they must operate to maintain thermal comfort. This research is experimental, collecting real-world data on the electrical consumption of the air conditioning units while they are in operation. Based on measurements of electrical variables such as voltage, current, active power, apparent power, and monthly energy consumption, three analysis scenarios were established, corresponding to different measurement days. The results obtained show significant variations in energy consumption, reaching approximate monthly values of 14,392 kWh, 13,113 kWh, and 22,421 kWh for scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The analysis of the collected data was carried out using MATLAB software, which allowed for the simulation of the energy behavior of the HVAC systems under different operating conditions. This processing enabled the analysis of variables such as operating times, usage patterns, electrical loads, and space occupancy, identifying inefficient equipment and energy-consuming operational practices. Based on the results obtained, strategies focused on energy optimization were proposed, such as adjusting operating schedules, continuously monitoring electrical variables, and improving system management. Implementing these measures significantly reduces monthly energy consumption without compromising thermal comfort, highlighting the importance of efficient and sustainable energy management in Building E.