Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema embebido e IoT para la detección y monitorización de la calidad del aire

Abstract

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate a low-cost IoT system to monitor indoor air quality in real time, taking into account not only the concentration of carbon oxides but also other important pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), to achieve a more representative evaluation of the air condition in closed environments. The method was based on the development of a modular architecture composed of MQ series sensors for detecting pollutant gases and a BME280 sensor for measuring environmental variables, integrated by means of an ESP32 system on a chip (SoC). Optimized firmware was implemented for the acquisition, filtering and wireless transmission of data to the Firebase cloud platform, complemented by local visualization through an OLED display and a responsive web application with real-time updating. In addition, the system made it possible to identify simultaneous increases in COx and NO₂, showing a rapid response to changes in environmental conditions. In conclusion, the prototype developed validates a reliable, scalable and low-cost technological architecture for localized environmental monitoring, the effective integration of integrated hardware and cloud services, and provides a useful preventive tool for educational and office environments.