Estudio del impacto de la configuración del sistema de alimentación en el desempeño de la inyección: Comparativa entre el sistema MPI y una computadora programable

Abstract

Internal combustion engines (ICEs) have undergone rapid evolution, driven by the need to improve energy efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions, and optimize operational performance. Although electromobility has gained relevance globally, in many Latin American countries, the vehicle fleet continues to rely heavily on traditional injection systems. In this context, it is essential that these engines operate efficiently in order to minimize environmental impact and ensure adequate performance. For this reason, electronic engine management plays an essential role, as it allows for more precise control of combustion processes and greater adaptability to different operating conditions.

This degree project focuses on examining the operation of a spark ignition engine, using a 1999 BMW E46 328i as a specific case study. The study examines the performance of electronic management and air supply in different configurations. The research includes an evaluation of the original multipoint injection (MPI) system, the subsequent implementation of a programmable ECU, and concludes with the installation of a turbocharging system. This study accurately analyzes the effect of modifications to the air- fuel ratio (AFR), volumetric efficiency (VE), and ignition advance on combustion parameters, based on exhaust gas analysis.

The data acquired through direct measurements on a dynamometer allows us to make a direct and much clearer comparison of engine performance at each stage. This technique shows how the torque, power, and dynamics of the vehicle gradually change as the injection maps, volumetric efficiency (VE), and ignition advance are refined. A detailed study of emissions (CO, CO₂, HC, O₂, and lambda) will provide the exact relationship between electronic calibration and combustion efficiency. This will create a basis for determining the impact of changes on engine efficiency and sustainability.

Beyond the numerical values, the purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of understanding and adapting electronic management technologies for internal combustion engines, especially in contexts where these will continue to be predominant in the coming decades. Through technical tools, engineering knowledge, and analysis methodologies, it is possible to improve engine performance while contributing to cleaner and more efficient transportation in the region.