Evaluación de la influencia del acabado superficial en la resistencia a la torsión de aleaciones de bronce fabricadas mediante mecanizado en seco

Abstract

In this study, an experimental evaluation was conducted to determine how the surface finish influences the torsional strength of bronze alloys, specifically Naval AB2 and SAE40 phosphoric bronzes. This study focused on analyzing how surface finish levels generated by dry machining with controlled parameters affect the ability of materials to resist torsional stresses. Test specimens with three types of surface textures (smooth, rough, and coarse) were designed and machined using a CNC lathe and cemented carbide insert. Subsequently, torsion tests were performed on machines in Quito and Cuenca and in simulation specialized programs such as SolidWorks to determine the maximum torque supported by the different types of test pieces and the number of turns that each sample could withstand until it fractured under torsion. The results indicated that the test pieces with a rough surface finish showed a 22,9% reduction in torsional strength compared with those with a finer surface finish. In addition, the Naval bronze samples performed better under torsional stress than the Phosphoric bronze samples, regardless of the level of roughness. The results show that the mechanical properties of each alloy and the relevance of the surface finish are critical factors in ensuring reliable mechanical performance in components subjected to torsion in an industrial environment.