Desempleo y su incidencia en el sistema de pensiones de la seguridad social ecuatoriana (2012-2022)

Abstract

This research analyzes unemployment and its impact on the Ecuadorian Social Security pension system (2012-2022). Through an 11-year investigation, the increase in unemployment influenced by factors such as the economic crisis, political instability, labor reforms, and the COVID-19 pandemic is analyzed. This has affected the sustainability of the pension system, putting the economic stability of the population that makes up the group of retirees by the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute at risk. For the analysis, it is decided to use tables and graphs of the different variables related to the topic, obtaining the result and analysis of the respective objectives. In addition, for this article, descriptive statistics and comparative analysis are carried out for a better understanding of the analyzed results. The conclusion is that unemployment does impact the Ecuadorian Social Security pension system in the period 2012-2022. A comparison of results shows that the pension system needs an increase in the number of active members, given that the number of pensioners and expenses are constantly increasing, which could lead to a financial deficit in the system, as the costs for pensioners cannot be covered in the future. Considering that more members are required to achieve stability in the system, this is not achieved because a large number of workers are in inadequate jobs, informal jobs, or are underemployed or unemployed. All of this is due to the scarcity of opportunities in the labor market. Recommendations are proposed to improve the integration of formal employment, propose new reforms for the sustainability of the pension system, and promote financial education campaigns.