Análisis del impacto del acuerdo de libre comercio en las exportaciones chilenas: caso Chile y Uruguay

Abstract

International trade is constantly evolving to promote economic development and plays a key role in global policy-making. The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Chile and Uruguay, in force since 2018, establishes preferential conditions that have strengthened bilateral exports. Chile has increased its shipments of agro-industrial products, while Uruguay has consolidated its presence with agricultural goods. This study analyzes the impact of the FTA on Chilean exports, identifying the sectors that have benefited through a mixed approach that combines bibliographic review and quantitative analysis. Official data from the Central Bank of Chile and the Global Bilateral Macro Database (GBM) were used, along with a gravity model that relates sectoral exports to GDP. The results show that the agrosilvopastoral sector has achieved growth through increased volumes of traditional products, while the industrial and mining sectors require greater product diversification. Overall, the FTA has contributed positively to Chile’s economic growth.