Análisis del impacto del acuerdo comercial entre la Unión Europea y Ecuador en las exportaciones tradicionales ecuatorianas: 2001-2023

Abstract

International trade drives more dynamic economies by facilitating the exchange of goods and promoting agreements that strengthen relations between countries. In this context, trade agreements are key tools for economic development. Ecuador has adopted an active stance in this area, notably through the Multipart Trade Agreement with the European Union, in force since January 2017, which has improved access to international markets. This research evaluates its impact on Ecuador's traditional exports between 2001 and 2023, using a quantitative, descriptive, and non-experimental approach with data from the World Bank and Trade Map. An econometric model was also applied, based on exports and the GDP of both regions. The results show that exports to the EU are concentrated in traditional products such as bananas, shrimp, tuna, and cocoa. Although there was export growth, the gravity model suggests that sectoral factors had a greater influence than macroeconomic or institutional conditions.