Diseño y construcción de un banco didáctico para el análisis de un sistema de dirección hidráulica tipo piñón cremallera de un vehículo categoría M1 para el laboratorio de Ingeniería Automotriz Sede Quito

Abstract

A steering system is a fundamental component in every type of automobile, it is responsible for facilitating steering wheel turning, improving vehicle maneuverability and reducing the driver's physical effort. There are several types of steering systems that differ in their design, technology and functionality. Hydraulic steering systems (HPS) use engine power through a hydraulic pump that generates the necessary pressure for the hydraulic fluid to circulate through the steering box, pipes and hoses, making driving more comfortable. These types of systems are common in passenger transport vehicles, goods transport vehicles, tractors and heavy machinery. On the other hand, there are also electric steering systems (EPS) that use sensors that detect the speed of the car, the force the driver applies to the steering wheel and other factors so that an electric motor located in the steering wheel and commanded by an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) provides the assistance to turn the wheels more efficiently and also lighter. Electric steering is most commonly seen in the European, Japanese and NAFTA markets in passenger, family, electric and hybrid vehicles, medium and heavy trucks, and buses. Currently, new technologies continue to be developed to be implemented in steering systems to improve the efficiency of the system, as well as the comfort and safety of the pilot. Some steering systems with new technologies are: Active Front Steering System (AFS) which adjusts the steering angle according to driving conditions improving stability; also the Steering by Wire (SBW) system in which the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the wheels is replaced by electronic controls; finally, the Four Wheel Steering System (4WS) where the front and rear wheels can rotate which improves control and stability at high speeds.