Diseño y simulación de un sistema de soldadura para el ensamble de perfiles de acero tipo “I” en dimensiones no estandarizadas

Abstract

The present work proposes the design and simulation of an welding system for the assembly of non-standardized steel "I" beams, commonly used in metal structures. The research arises from the limitations found in the construction sector when specific beam dimensions are not commercially available, often resulting in oversized structures and increased material costs. Through a comparative analysis of welding methods, the MIG process was selected for its continuity, versatility, and compatibility with robotic automation. The system design was developed based on dimensional ranges obtained from standard and custom steel profiles, and a anthropomorphic robotic arm was chosen for its high flexibility and precision in welding trajectories. The mechanical design included kinematic analysis using Denavit–Hartenberg parameters, static load analysis, and simulation of welding paths for different profile configurations. The control architecture was virtually modeled using a Siemens S7-1200 PLC and a KP700 HMI interface, enabling the system to receive customized input parameters for profile dimensions. The results demonstrate that the simulated system meets the structural and operational requirements to produce continuous and reliable welds on customized "I" beams, offering an effective alternative to conventional manual processes. The simulation validates the design's technical feasibility and provides a foundation for future development of flexible and automated manufacturing systems in the steel construction industry.