Desarrollo de una guía de diseño basada en modelado de información de construcción (BIM) aplicado en un área de rayos X de segundo nivel

Abstract

This work aims to develop a design and modeling guide for second-level X-ray areas, based on the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology. The proposal addresses the deficiencies observed in many healthcare facilities in the country, where non-compliance with regulations, inadequate equipment layout, errors in shielding calculations, and the lack of digital planning compromise both radiological safety and the efficiency of imaging services. The research compiles and analyzes national and international regulations applicable to the construction of X-ray rooms, details the technical parameters of the most commonly used biomedical equipment (densitometry, fluoroscopy, mammography, and conventional X-ray), and establishes the radiological protection criteria required to ensure the safety of staff and patients. Subsequently, a structured guide is developed that includes the functional distribution of areas, minimum required dimensions, patient and staff workflow design, electrical requirements, and shielding calculations. Finally, the proposed guidelines are validated through a digital three-dimensional model, which makes it possible to verify the feasibility of the design, anticipate construction conflicts, optimize the positioning of equipment, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. As a result, the research provides a practical and replicable tool for architects, engineers, and healthcare professionals, aimed at improving hospital infrastructure and strengthening the quality of diagnostic imaging services.