A influencia de los factores de riesgo psicosociales asociados al trabajo, en el síndrome de burnout en los profesionales de la salud de la ciudad de Quito, en el periodo 2025- 2025

Abstract

The general objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between burnout syndrome and psychosocial work-related factors in administrative workers in the healthcare sector, in order to identify risk patterns and guide institutional intervention proposals. To achieve this objective, a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational methodology was applied, based on the use of two standardized instruments: the MBI-HSS questionnaire, which assessed the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment; and the ISTAS21 scale, which measured working conditions, exposure to psychosocial risks, and perceived health and overall satisfaction. Fifty administrative workers participated, and their responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and standard deviations), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results show that 64% of respondents presented a moderate level of emotional exhaustion, with a mean of 3.87 points (SD = 0.65); while 22% reached high levels. Regarding depersonalization, 48% showed moderate levels (mean = 2.62); and personal accomplishment was low average (mean = 2.45), suggesting a limited perception of professional achievement. The ANOVA analysis showed significant differences between the dimensions evaluated, highlighting the relationship between unfavorable working conditions and higher levels of emotional exhaustion (F = 4.12; p = 0.021). Regarding working conditions, a diverse perception was observed: collaboration among colleagues obtained the highest mean (3.86), followed by the general environment (3.70); however, 60% of participants reported high exposure to psychosocial risks. The most relevant correlation was identified between exposure to risks and emotional exhaustion (r = 0.33), while the perception of health and satisfaction presented a moderate distribution: 48% fair, 36% satisfactory, and 16% critical. The findings reaffirm that workplace discomfort is not solely a response to individual factors, but is linked to organizational and cultural structures that require profound institutional transformations to ensure collective well-being and reduce the incidence of burnout syndrome in administrative settings in the health sector.