Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de máquina semiautomática procesadora de champiñones para corte y posicionamiento en bandejas de poliestireno expandido

Abstract

In this project, the design, construction, and evaluation stages of a prototype semi-automatic machine for cutting and positioning mushrooms in expanded polystyrene trays were developed with the goal of optimizing the manual process currently used. The main limitations of artisanal cutting, such as lack of uniformity, long operating times, and associated hygiene risks, were identified and analyzed. The system was conceived as a mechatronic solution integrating an Arduino Mega 2560, a Nema 17 stepper motor, weight sensors, and limit switches. These components were previously modeled in the SolidWorks CAD environment and structurally validated through finite element simulations. Significant operational efficiency was achieved, evidenced by a reduction in cycle time from 3 to 1 minute, while maintaining the weight per tray within the acceptable range of 279 to 281 g, with a tolerance of +0.4%. Furthermore, cutting repeatability was guaranteed with errors less than ±1 mm. With a total investment of USD 466, the technical and economic viability of the system was demonstrated. The experimental tests carried out validated the initial hypothesis and led to the fulfillment of all the proposed objectives, establishing a solid foundation for the development of scalable versions of the system in future research.