Análisis de la ganancia de una antena dipolo de media onda para la frecuencia de 2.4GHz

Abstract

The dipole antenna is frequently used in wireless systems, but its actual performance can differ from the theoretical model due to factors such as environmental conditions, material quality, manufacturing precision, and interaction with nearby structures. This discrepancy can reduce its effective gain and impact communication system performance. Therefore, it is essential to conduct an analysis that combines simulations and experimental measurements to optimize its performance at the frequency of interest. This study analyzes the gain of a half-wave dipole antenna operating in the Wi‑Fi band (2.38 GHz–2.42 GHz), using simulations in ANSYS HFSS and linear regression modeling in RStudio. Gain optimization is performed based on key dimensions (radius, length, and gap) and the materials of the antenna arms (aluminum, copper, gold) and the dielectric in the gap (PTFE, alumina, plastic). The results show a correlation exceeding 97 % between gain and physical dimensions and demonstrate that construction material significantly influences electromagnetic behavior. Predictive models with R² values exceeding 97 % were obtained, indicating high explanatory power. Additionally, the analysis reveals that changing the dielectric material affects gain: higher permittivity reduces the phase shift relative to the simulated theoretical values.