Revisión bibliográfica de modelos de valoración de activos financieros

Abstract

This research analyzes the different asset pricing models for stocks, bonds, derivatives, ETFs and cryptocurrencies in order to understand the monetization of assets. The analysis focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each approach based on the unique characteristics of the asset and the market conditions. The methodology includes the review of the existing literature on the most common asset pricing models, such as the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, market multiples or those developed for derivatives and cryptocurrencies. The findings reveal that assets are too heterogeneous to be able to apply a single model for all, each prediction has its characteristics and difficulties that each asset must meet. Among the most relevant conclusions it is highlighted that the specific type of asset, the state of the market and the time horizon determine everything; the DCF and present value methods of cash flows are very simple. The final conclusion is that the DCF or present value methods can be applied effectively with a high margin of accuracy, but for speculative and highly volatile markets, a combination is preferable.