Revisión sistemática del género CROTON SPP. y sus componentes bioactivos para el tratamiento terapéutico de la diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The genus Croton spp., belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is widely distributed in South America and has been studied for its richness in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the context of diabetes mellitus, various species of Croton spp. have demonstrated therapeutic potential thanks to the presence of secondary metabolites with hypoglycemic activity. However, there are still gaps in the scientific evidence regarding its effectiveness and mechanism of action. This bibliographic review aims to analyze the most recent studies on the therapeutic properties of Croton spp. in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, highlighting its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. To ensure the quality of the data, the PRISMA method was used, which allowed a rigorous and transparent selection of articles from recognized scientific databases such as Scopus, SciFinder and Web of Science. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 relevant studies were selected to support this research. Among the most notable bioactive compounds is labdanic acid, a triterpenoid with antioxidant and inflammation-modulating capacity, which favors the regulation of blood glucose. Likewise, epicatechin, a flavonoid with protective effects on pancreatic beta cells, and β-sitosterol, a phytosterol that contributes to glucose control and the reduction of inflammation, were identified. The results of this review support the potential of Croton spp. as a source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, further preclinical and clinical research is required to validate its safety, optimal dose, and mechanism of action in humans.