Factores de riesgo que influyen en las recaídas en pacientes por consumo de cocaína en una fundación al norte de la ciudad de Quito

Abstract

This study examines the risk factors that influence relapses in patients with cocaine use in a foundation in Quito. Its objective is to identify the personal, social and economic factors that contribute to relapses, in order to offer recommendations to improve treatment and prevention programs. The study uses a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with six patients (three men and three women) and a review of their medical records. This combination of methods allows for a deeper understanding of the factors that influence relapses. The findings indicate that cocaine use often begins due to social influences, such as pressure from friends and family. Factors identified as triggers for relapse include work stress, family conflicts, economic difficulties and polydrug use. In addition, relationships, especially in the case of women, emerge as a significant risk factor. Other important elements that contribute to relapses are craving, anxiety and lack of skills to manage stress. The results show that social factors, such as the influence of friends and partners, are determinants of both the onset and persistence of addiction. In addition, work stress and economic difficulties increase vulnerability to relapse, as many patients turn to cocaine to manage emotional distress. Polydrug use is also a frequent pattern among participants, as the use of other substances in times of crisis often leads to relapse to cocaine use. This study identifies several key factors that contribute to relapses in cocaine use, covering personal, social and economic aspects. The results underline the importance of addressing these factors in treatment programs, as well as promoting the involvement of communities and families in the prevention and treatment of addiction.