Análisis de los factores socioeconómicos que inciden en el acceso a la educación superior en el Ecuador durante el período 2007-2023

Abstract

This research analyzes the socioeconomic factors influencing access to higher education in Ecuador during the 2007-2023 period. Through an econometric analysis using an ordinary least squares model, the study examines the relationship between variables such as GDP per capita, unemployment rate, public education spending, Gini index, and average years of schooling, with the rate of access to higher education. Results show that GDP per capita has a positive elasticity of 0.436, while the unemployment rate shows a negative elasticity of -0.133. Surprisingly, public spending on education presents a negative coefficient of -0.756, suggesting possible inefficiencies in resource allocation. Average years of schooling emerge as the most influential factor with an elasticity of 1.962. The study also identifies significant gaps in access to higher education, particularly in rural areas and among ethnic minority groups. It concludes that, despite policies implemented since 2007, structural inequalities persist that limit equitable access to higher education. Recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency of public spending on education and develop specific programs that address the needs of vulnerable groups.