Estado del arte para inserción de robots asistenciales en entornos de hogar para adultos mayores

Abstract

This paper presents a state of the art on the insertion of assistive robots in home environments for older adults, a topic of growing relevance due to population aging and demands for specialized care. Through a comprehensive analysis of carefully selected literature sources (RSL) and case study analysis, 71 academic studies were reviewed and interviews with older adults, family members, and caregivers were conducted to identify the benefits, barriers, and prospects of these technologies.

The results highlight that assistive robot, such as Mini, ARI, ADAM, GiraffPlus and CareBot, reported a 60% increase in users' well-being, measured by surveys where parameters such as functional independence (65%) and emotional satisfaction (55%) were assessed, with a 45% reduction in loneliness and 52% support in physical tasks.

However, the acceptance of these technologies faces barriers such as expenses identified in 55% of the studies as higher than users' expected budgets, lack of technological training (72% of those interviewed indicated a preference for voice commands as the main method of interaction) and cultural challenges.

Despite these challenges, 68% of family caregivers rated the robots' ability to adapt to the specific routines of older adults positively, and longitudinal studies showed that after 2-4 weeks of use, users developed confidence and functional dependence on the robots.

Finally, assistive robots demonstrate an improvement in the autonomy of older adults, as measured by indicators such as a 40% increase in the ability to perform daily activities without assistance and a 30% reduction in the need for constant supervision, but they require

comprehensive strategies that include training, culturally adapted design, and public policies to ensure their effective implementation.