Diseño y construcción de un molde de resina para la elaboración de productos de poliuretano

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis between low-cost resin molds and traditional steel molds, with an emphasis on SISA P20 steel, to produce polyurethane products in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The research addresses technical, economic, and environmental aspects, employing a methodology based on the Product Development approach. A detailed characterization of materials, manufacturing process analysis, comparative economic evaluation, operational performance analysis, and sustainability study are conducted. Using CAD software, a 3D model of the resin mold is developed, optimizing materials, technologies, and manufacturing processes. The results reveal that resin molds offer significant advantages in terms of initial costs (81.5% less than steel molds) and production flexibility, being particularly suitable for short runs and prototypes. However, steel molds maintain their superiority in durability and precision for high-volume productions. It is concluded that the choice between resin and steel molds should be based on a careful analysis of the specific needs of each SME, considering factors such as production volume, product complexity, precision requirements, and long-term growth strategies. This research provides a solid foundation for decision-making in the selection of mold materials in the plastic injection industry, especially relevant for SMEs in the current context of innovation and competitiveness.