Desarrollo de un prototipo de equipo de rayos X periapical de alta frecuencia para evaluar la viabilidad de una producción nacional

Abstract

Periapical radiographs are essential in the detection of dental pathologies, but in Ecuador, the lack of local manufacturing forces these devices to be imported from other Latin American countries. The strict regulations of the Ministry of Energy and Mines make the import process more expensive and distribution difficult. As a result, many damaged devices cannot be repaired and are discarded, highlighting an urgent need to improve technological management in the country.

The objective of this project is the design and construction of a periapical X-ray prototype, which is divided into three integrated stages: control, head and mechanics. These stages work together to ensure efficient and accurate operation of the equipment. For the implementation, a panel that houses the control circuit has been developed. This circuit, using a button, sends the signal to activate the generator located in the head, thus determining the exposure time necessary for the radiographic procedure. In addition, an intuitive graphical interface has been designed that facilitates interaction between the operator and the equipment, improving usability and reducing the possibility of operational errors. In terms of mobility and adjustment, a mechanical arm has been designed that allows the equipment to be positioned and adjusted to the appropriate height and position according to the patient's needs. This feature ensures greater comfort for both the operator and the patient, allowing radiographic examinations to be performed more efficiently and accurately From the experimental tests carried out, it is concluded that the prototype has proven to be suitable, showing outstanding performance and consistent reliability. The results obtained validate its capacity and efficiency, establishing a solid foundation to consider its manufacturing at a national level.