Evaluación del impacto socioambiental por la contaminación del botadero a cielo abierto de Curgua, cantón Guaranda.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to evaluate the socio-environmental impact resulting from the contamination of the Curgua landfill by identifying the contamination scenarios, physically and cartographically characterizing the area of influence, as well as determining the socioeconomic situation of the surrounding population, characterizing the waste present in the landfill and estimating the trend of the data resulting from the laboratory analysis of the leachate. The contamination scenarios were determined by accessing the set of historical images available in Google Earth Pro software, ArcGIS 10.4.1 software, geographic information, remote sensor images and secondary information, reports and current regulations, as well as the physical and cartographic characterization of the area. The estimation of the trend of the amount of waste was carried out with data from secondary information through Excel calculations. The socioeconomic data were obtained through the descriptive method with the application of interviews and the synthetic method, the collection and review of secondary information. The segregation and characterization of the waste was carried out through sampling throughout the area. Several contamination scenarios were identified, such as visual contamination of the landscape, contamination of several natural resources, mainly soil and water, and leachates and poor management, whose laboratory results indicate that several components are outside the permissible limits, such as iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), electrical conductivity and hydrogen potential (pH). The estimated leachate trend is linear with a value of 13.34m; it was identified that the waters of the Chimbo River flow through areas with agricultural, livestock, mixed agricultural and livestock, anthropic, conservation and production uses.It was determined that the inhabitants of the area have health problems, mainly respiratory; their crops are affected, natural resources are affected, one of the houses has existed for approximately 50 years and the other four have been built according to need; all the inhabitants are members of the same family. From a sample of 100 kg of waste collected at the landfill, 23% (18) corresponds to organic material and 77% (62) to inorganic material. The most abundant inorganic materials were plastic (19 kg), glass (15 kg) and cardboard (12 kg).