Evaluación de técnicas de soldadura SMAW y GMAW en la producción de frentes de carrocería metálica urbana tipo G8

Abstract

In this research, a comparative analysis between two types of welding, SMAW and GMAW, was conducted using samples from a bus's metal structure, specifically from the front bumper. The objective was to determine which of these methods offers better results in terms of mechanical properties and cost-efficiency. To achieve this, the samples were subjected to tensile tests, evaluating the behavior and performance of each type of welding under load conditions. The results indicated that GMAW welding showed greater mechanical strength compared to SMAW. Specifically, the maximum stress achieved was 299.03 MPa and the maximum force was 17986.92 N in GMAW, compared to 296.98 MPa and 17819.52 N in SMAW. The displacement was 5.63 mm in GMAW and 5.0 mm in SMAW. The yield stress was 230.61 MPa in GMAW and 239.43 MPa in SMAW. Additionally, an analysis was proposed to improve the welded joint processes. This study provides valuable information for selecting the most appropriate welding method in the manufacturing and repair of bus metal structures. In conclusion, while both methods are viable, GMAW offers advantages in terms of mechanical strength, whereas SMAW presents a slightly higher yield stress, which are key factors in decision-making for specific applications.