Diseño y construcción de un banco didáctico para el Estudio de Bombas Lineales y Rotativas en Motores de Combustión Interna con Enfoque Mecánico y Electrónico para el Laboratorio de Ingeniería Automotriz sede Quito

Abstract

A diesel injection pump is a basic device in a diesel engine that ensures that fuel reaches the cylinders at the right time and in the right amount. There are many different types of injection pumps that differ in design, functionality and technology used. Rotary pumps are operated by rotating elements such as pistons, vanes and cams that create the pressure needed to inject fuel. Examples of this type include EV pumps (distributor pumps and V-pumps), rotary vane pumps, and screw-screw pumps. These pumps are often used in older and medium-sized diesel engines. The linear pump, on the other hand, uses the linear motion of a plunger or piston to generate injection pressure. Common linear pumps include in-line pumps and in-line unit injector pumps. These pumps offer higher injection accuracy and are commonly used in modern diesel engines. The electronic pump includes electronics and sensors for more precise injection control. They are rotary or linear but have an electronic control system. Examples of these pumps are common rail pumps, accumulator pumps, electronic rotary pumps (EDC), and electronic linear pumps (EUI), they are two types of diesel injection pumps that use electronic control systems for more precise fuel injection management. These pumps allow for more efficient fuel consumption, better performance and a reduction in pollutant emissions. The semi-electronic pump is a combination of mechanical and electronic components. The injection system is mechanical, but there are some electronic control elements. Examples of these pumps are Electronic Flow Regulator (EFR) pumps and Electronic Flow Regulator (EBR) pumps. These pumps offer more precise control than traditional mechanical pumps, but without the complexity of fully electronic pumps. Finally, mechanical pumps operate completely mechanically without the use of electronic components. They are usually traditional rotary pumps or in-line pumps, as in-line pumps (HEUI) are unit pumps with hydraulic and electronic control, offering good injection control or mechanical pumps (EVs) with less precise injection control. These pumps are simple and inexpensive, but they have less precise injection control than electronic or semi-electronic pumps.