Estudio de la actividad antioxidante, antibacteriana y toxicológica in vitro de extractos alcohólicos de Solanum nigrum y Malva sylvestris, y su uso potencial para el tratamiento de los microorganismos causantes de la mastitis en el ganado vacuno

Abstract

Excessive antibiotic therapies in the treatment of mastitis in cattle can cause pathogenic microorganisms to adapt and develop resistance to synthetic drugs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the taxonomic, phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial and toxicological characteristics of the species Solanum nigrum and Malva sylvestris used for the control of mastitis in cattle. The molecular and taxonomic identification of the species under study was carried out. Ethanolic extracts of 96% of leaves and stems of plant species were prepared. Phytochemical screening was carried out to qualitatively determine the presence of secondary metabolites, in addition the antibacterial activity was evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer method, the antioxidant activity by the DPPH method and the toxicological activity in Artemia salina. Regarding the antibacterial analysis, it was observed that the plants involved in the present study have antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. In the antioxidant activity, the IC50 values in leaves and stems of M. sylvestris were 6.728 mg/mL and 5.048 mg/mL respectively, while in leaves and stems of S. nigrum 6.509 mg/mL and 22.85 mg/mL were obtained. mL respectively. On the other hand, in the toxicological evaluation the stems of S. nigrum (CL50=56.23 µg/mL) and the leaves of M. sylvestris (CL50=77.62 µg/mL) and S. nigrum (CL50=38.90 µg/mL) were highly toxic, while the stems of M. sylvestris are highly toxic (CL50=3.66 µg/mL). It is concluded that the species under study, due to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, can be considered for the treatment of mastitis in cattle