Evaluación integral de la calidad ambiental y tolerancias fúngicas a diferentes concentraciones de metales pesados (CD, PB Y CR) en el sedimento marino del puerto El Morro

Abstract

The research covers the integral evaluation of environmental parameters of Puerto El Morro in 50 marine sediment samples and 50 water samples taken at two depths, based on criteria established in the Ohio EPA Sediment Sampling Guide and Methodologies and the sampling of sediments from the bottom of rivers, lakes and estuarine zones, ISO 5667-12. The tolerance of fungi Aspergillus spp, Penicillium, Cunninghamella and Paecilomyces exposed to two concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb) was determined at 45ppm and 70ppm established by previous studies that evaluate concentrations within these ranges and based on the limits of the Environmental Quality Standard for soil resources and remediation criteria for contaminated soils. A salinity index of 2.96 uS/cm was determined; the pH results were 7.69 for water samples and 7.40 for sediments; the TDS values were 3.83 mg/L. In the solids series tests, specific values were recorded for dissolved solids (1.95g), total solids (1.41g), suspended solids (1.01g), and sediment solids (0.69 mg/L). In the jar test, the optimum dose of aluminum sulfate was determined at 16mL, indicating moderate levels of contamination at the point of extraction. In chloride ion, a mean of 414.49 mg/L was obtained which is a regular figure for an estuary, the electrical conductivity indices had a mean of 49.645 µS/cm. The ICP-OES test found the presence of several metals in the samples, such as Copper, Arsenic, Nickel, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium. Most were within the regulatory limits, but a high concentration of Copper stood out, exceeding the maximum allowable value, indicating a significant contamination by this metal.