Desarrollo de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo para la flota de vehículos de recolección de basura de la Empresa Pública Metropolitana de Aseo (EMASEO) de la ciudad de Quito.

Abstract

The garbage collection service has been devalued by citizens without considering everything behind this service, considering that the capital generated an additional 600 tons per day during the pandemic; In almost two years, the collection trucks have deteriorated to such an extent that the vehicle fleet currently has a quarter of the total number of trucks with which the year 2022 began. The machinery and equipment management structure has personnel in charge of carrying out preventive maintenance, but the change of parts is carried out most of the time in the repair of gearboxes, engines, brakes, electrical and electronic systems, suspension, transmission, change and replacement of parts. Most of the vehicles of the company EMASEO E.P. work 24 hours a day covering routes in the city of Quito, there is greater wear on their components exposed to friction such as pads; In addition to this, the collection truck fleet has been in operation for more than 5 years, registering great maintenance needs. To date, the units do not have odometers and it is suggested that the collection trucks work approximately 20 hours a day without time between shifts, an average speed of 15 km/h between starts and stops is assumed, resulting in a total of 300 kilometers per day, concluding that preventive maintenance should be performed every 500 km (every 17 days). To improve the current situation, we began by investigating the number and condition of the front, side, and rear loader trucks in the fleet, reviewing the weekly maintenance reports to obtain the frequency of failures of each system and obtain the level of criticality, from each of them to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the maintenance plan that is available. The maintenance proposal detailed in this document seeks to improve the execution of activities and tasks through short response times in the delivery and reception of the vehicle, in addition to promoting the independence of the technician without harming their health. As a result of this projection, the restore of 20% of the systems in vehicles in a state of unemployment would be obtained, the productive capacity would be increased above 80%, prioritizing the transfer of responsibilities.