Evaluación de la calidad del aire mediante el uso del Liquen Parmotrema Austrosinense (Zahlbr.hale) como bioindicador en 6 localidades del DMQ, con diferentes niveles de tránsito vehicular e industrias

Abstract

In the present investigation, air quality was evaluated by using lichen Parmotrema Austrosinense (Zahlbr.hale) as a bioindicator in six locations of the DMQ, for which lichen samples were transplanted to each of the areas of interest that were exposed to different levels of contamination by a period of six months after which they were removed and taken to the laboratory for the corresponding analysis, which included quantification of pigments Chlorophyll A (Chlor.a), Chlorophyll B (Chlor.b), Total Chlorophyll (Chlor. Total), and carotenoids by visible light spectrophotometry and quantification of heavy metals Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Cobalt (Co) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (graphite furnace), a total of 21 samples were analyzed, performing three repetitions of each variable. The metal that was found in the highest concentration was Pb, obtaining its highest value in the town of Turubamba (Caupicho) at point (TC3) with a value of 32.67mg / kg and the lowest concentration was obtained in Conocoto (C1) and Lloa (L1) that registered a similar value of 7.31 and 7.33 mg / kg. On the other hand, Co registered its highest value in Lloa (L2) with 1.34 mg / kg and the lowest in Turubamba (Great Britain) at the point (TLB2) with 0.69 mg / kg, Cu on the other hand presented the value highest of 3.33 mg / kg in Concepción at point (CO3), and lowest of 1.15 in Lloa (L2). The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in all locations was different and lower than the control point. Obtaining as a result a dangerous contamination level in the town of Caupicho for the metal Pb, Lloa for the metal Co, La Concepción for the metal Cu, and pointing to Caupicho as the town with the poorest air quality according to the comparative analysis of the three metals analyzed and the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids.