Diseño de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales y la determinación de las propiedades físico químicas en la población de San Carlos, Cantón El Chaco, Provincia de Napo

Abstract

The present research work entitled "Design of a wastewater treatment plant and determination of the physical and chemical properties in the town of San Carlos, Canton El Chaco, Napo Province, for its sizing" aims to design a wastewater treatment plant for the community of San Carlos, Gonzalo Diaz de Pineda parish, in order to reduce environmental pollution to the surrounding water bodies and ensure proper treatment prior to discharge. To establish the correct treatment method, the biodegradability index was first determined, where it became evident that the wastewater to be treated is highly biodegradable, which indicates that the appropriate biological treatment is of the secondary type, i.e., stabilization ponds. After conducting a physical, chemical and microbiological analysis, we proceeded to dimension the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), as well as a general scheme for the community of San Carlos, which consists of the development of plans where we visualize: an inlet channel consisting of grids, sand trap, Parshall channel, flocculator, settler; and a second part corresponding to the lagooning system consisting of an anaerobic lagoon, a facultative lagoon and a maturation lagoon. Thus, the BOD5 and fecal coliforms parameters were significantly reduced from their initial values to values below the maximum permissible limit established. Finally, a technical and socioeconomic analysis was carried out to determine the approximate costs for the construction, start-up, and maintenance of the plant, which was socialized with the community members.