Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de colector solar para el calentamiento de agua con materiales reciclables para una vivienda

Abstract

This research work presents the design and construction of a prototype of a solar collector for heating water in a house, which was made with recyclable materials such as PET bottles, milk bags, wooden pallet and black hose, among other materials necessary for the construction. This prototype uses water as the main fluid, which passes through the pipe and hose covered with PET bottles generating a greenhouse effect inside, producing the heating of the water. The original solar collector was used to implement adaptations generating three prototypes, in which tests were carried out from December 11 to 19, 2020 from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm, taking experimental data every 10 minutes to verify the operation of each prototype and to obtain temperature values with respect to the time with solar radiation received in the city of Quito. With the tests carried out and the calculation of the absorbed heat, a value of 144.96 [Wh] was obtained in prototype 2, reaching a maximum temperature of 41.3 [°C] with the implementation of the black background, for prototype 1 with PET bottles there is an absorbed heat value of 94.38 [Wh] reaching a maximum temperature of 30.1 [°C] and in prototype 3 with plastic cover there is an absorbed heat value of 93.41 [Wh], reaching a maximum temperature of 32.6 [°C]. The economic analysis of the alternative water heating system with respect to the electric shower and the use of GLP was carried out, obtaining that the solar collector requires an initial investment of $200, acquiring first hand materials, it is worth mentioning that to heat 20 [L] of water its value is $0 and it does not generate environmental pollution, Unlike the electric shower and GLP that have water heating costs between $0.03 and $0.06 for 20 [L] and also for its production fossil fuels are burned generating emissions to the atmosphere that give way to the greenhouse effect.