Desarrollo de un protocolo para el cultivo in vitro de Rosa chinensis

Abstract

The rose is one of the most cultivated and sought-after species as a cut flower, Ecuador is the third largest exporter of roses with a participation of 10 % worldwide. The traditional propagation of roses has presented limitations, since it requires a lot of time and because of the spread of pests and diseases; for this reason, in vitro culture has proven to be an alternative to propagate and commercialize healthy plants. In the present investigation, it was proposed to develop a protocol for the in vitro propagation of Rosa chinensis, by evaluating antimicrobials in the initiation stage, assessment of culture media, position of the explant and substrates, in the phases of stage of organogenesis and acclimatization. In the initiation stage, treatment T3 (100 mg/L Methylparaben), presented the highest percentage of sprouting (80 %) and average length (1,3 cm), and less contamination (bacterial and fungal) and phenolization; in the stage of organogenesis, all treatments favored sprouting, the interaction S2P2 (½ MS; 45 °) presented 100 % rhizogenesis, S2 (½ MS) produced the highest percentage of callogenesis (33 %) and S1P1 (¼ MS; 90 °) obtained the highest average length (2,77 cm); finally, in the acclimatization it was determined that the T1 (peat) treatment favored the adaptation of the seedlings, presenting 100 % survival and rooting, and an average height of 3,48 cm.