Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos destinados a la propagación de Trichoderma harzianum como biocontrolador para fincas agroecológicas de la ASOCAMCAY, al norte de la provincia de Pichincha - Ecuador

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides is the cause of pest bioresistance, air pollution and alteration of human health. Based on this situation, it is pertinent to apply methods of treatment of pathogens with the least possible negative impact, such as biological control. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate five organic residues from the agricultural activities of the Agroecological Association La Campesina of Cayambe, as substrates for the production of conidia of Trichoderma harzianum, known as biocontrol agent, biostimulant and biofortifier. It was evaluated garlic (external cataphila), bean (pod), corn (protective bracts of the ear), tomato (epicarp) and rice (whole grain). A completely randomized design was applied, with five replicates. The amount and percentage of viability of conidia of T. harzianum was quantified. It was concluded that corn bracts and garlic cataphila were the best substrates, both for production and viability of conidia with 3,2 x107 cfu/mL and 2,49 x107 cfu/mL and with 87,81 % and 87,18 % respectively. It was carried out field tests through applications of two concentrations (1 x108 and 1 x1010 cfu/mL) in Phaseolus vulgaris seeds; after four weeks it was monitored plant height, biomass of aerial and root part, and incidence and severity of diseases. It was determined that the concentrations used gave good results with respect to the variables proposed, however, emphasis is given to the root biomass which was considerably high.