Evaluación biológica del extracto de Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti, fundamentado en el uso etnobotánico.

Abstract

Ecuador has many biological resources used therapeutically by ancestral medicine, however some of this knowledge has not been scientifically evaluated. This work sought to evaluate the biological activity of extracts from Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti based on ethnobotanical use. The biological activity of 3 extracts obtained from data collection was investigated from ethnobotanical surveys, ethnobotanical data defined the extraction methods to be used that were: infusion, emplasto and percolation. The in vitro evaluation was performed by two methods: (1) Microdilution in broth and (2) Kirby-Bauer, allowing to find the percentage of the relative inhibitory effect of the extracts versus 3 different microbial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, Candida albicans ATCC® 10231™ and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC® 25923™; considering they are pathogens typical of the skin microbiota. For the assessment of the results an ANOVA statistical analysis was applied, the results showed that the extracts obtained by percolation had antibacterial activity. The dry and fresh extract at a concentration of 5 % versus Candida albicans, showed inhibitory effect percentages of 95,51 and 88,46 % respectively. The fresh extract at a concentration of 20 % versus Escherichia coli, had an inhibitory effect percentage of 66,67 %. The dry extract at a concentration of 10 % versus Staphylococcus aureus, showed an inhibitory effect percentage of 39,06 %. Laboratory evaluations made it possible to find results that reveal that Solanum nigrescens has satisfactory biological activity; validating ethnobotanical use and confirming the therapeutic efficacy of extracts.