Detección de antibióticos de uso animal y humano como contaminantes emergentes en los ríos del Distrito de Salud 07D04 (Ecuador) cantones Balsas, Marcabelí y Piñas

Abstract

The population increase and the growth of agricultural and livestock activities generate waters with the presence of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics that, although they have low concentrations, cause effects on the ecosystem. This experimental work was carried out in the health district 07D04. The presence of antibiotics was determined with the AuroFlow ™ BTS Combo kit, using the detection bands, which it includes. These were photographed in similar light and focal length conditions, to be entered in JPG image format, translated to raster in the R studio program, with the bands used for sampling were examined generating a model of calibration curves with the respective equations for each of these, estimating their concentration at the sampling points for catchment areas and discharge areas. The 48 samples analyzed showed a positive result, as follows: 48 positive beta-lactams, 46 sulphonamides and 29 tetracyclines, considering that, in many of the points, the three types of antibiotics were found in the same detection band. Once the concentrations were estimated, the points with the highest presence of pollutants were in urban, industrial, hospital, livestock and agricultural wastewater discharges, these points are: Santa Elena Creek, Piñas River and Marcabelí River. It is important to mention that this study should be considered as an alternative for the estimation of antibiotics compared to analytical methods such as liquid chromatography (HPLC) used for antibiotic analysis in food and the environment.