Análisis de calidad de la energia orientado a distorciones armonicas en el Bloque E de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana

Abstract

Currently, the search for more efficient electrical installations has driven the increase in automated processes, which leads to an increase in non-linear loads, causing problems for connected equipment. To assign responsibilities between consumers and distributors, regulations have been created on a global scale, in order to regulate the permissible ranges of the voltage and current waveform supplied, as well as the acceptable distortion in the system, usually with reference to the IEEE 519-1992 standard. In accordance with this and the situation presented in Building "E" of the Salesian Polytechnic University, it is pertinent to carry out an analysis of power quality, due to the presence of a high harmonic index in the electrical network of the latter, evidenced by the failure of electronic equipment that has had a significant reduction in its useful life. as well as the oversizing of the building's distribution transformer. Once the sampling has been carried out with the Fluke 438 II network analyzer, for a measurement period of two continuous days, configured for the recording of voltage, current, power factor values, as well as the detection of harmonics. Through the use of the Power Log 430-II Software, we continued with the download, analysis of the data collected and evaluated both the state of the network and harmonic distortions, establishing if they comply with the parameters established by the regulations. It was discovered that the power factor decreases significantly, to values of 0.65 between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., a period in which there is no activity within the facilities. The one-line diagram of the "E" building was simulated in the specialized ETAP software, adding nonlinear loads so that the harmonic index graphs are similar to the data reflected in the measuring equipment.