El desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de 4 a 5 años

Abstract

Fine motor skills are abilities that students possess to execute movements and coordinate muscles, especially hands and fingers. These skills are crucial for performing tasks involving the manipulation of small objects and detailed movements, such as using scissors or buttons. This is highly significant for infant development, enabling the acquisition of other skills like object handling, writing, and other activities essential for daily life. The study aimed to describe the development of fine motor skills in 4 to 5-year-old children from an educational institution in Quito. A qualitative and detailed approach was employed, including three interviews with center teachers, field diaries for observing children, and a survey of their guardians. As a result, most children face difficulties in tasks like putting on shoes, buttoning, removing upper and lower garments, cutting, twisting, folding paper into triangles, forming circles and squares, and coordinating laterality. According to experts, five-year-olds struggle with fine motor skills, particularly in eye-hand coordination and the use of digital pinchers. Therefore, it is concluded that five-year-olds require more fine motor activities to enhance their skills. In this context, graphic and plastic techniques offer educators additional teaching opportunities through art, contributing to motor skills development.