Desarrollo de un Sistema de Control Aplicado a un Sistema de Riego por Goteo Superficial para una Plantación de Maíz

Abstract

Precipitation does not satisfy the biological demands of the crops, causing water stress in the plants, and finally ending entire plantations due to the lack of vital liquid. The lack of knowledge of farmers about the management of irrigation systems, imply a misuse of water resources. The objective of this project was to design an intelligent drip irrigation system for a corn plantation, for the residents of the "San Benito's farm". The area where the work was carried out is 26 meters long and 17 meters wide, so a hydraulic circuit with lateral irrigation was dimensioned, the width of the land, at a distance of 0.80m per row, with emitters of 3L/h and 10 mca. The results of the soil laboratory determined that the terrain has a clay loam texture with a field capacity (FC) of 28.7% and a permanent wilting point (PMP) of 15.92%, as a water source there was a 2000L tank, which collects the fluid from a single well, which is used to take the liquid to the residences of the farm. The flow rate required for the crop is 37.54 GPM. The system program was made with PLC LOGO! with analog modules, to read the soil moisture and pressure sensors, to obtain the coefficients of the integral proportional regulator, the mathematical model of the irrigation system was identified, with MATLAB Simulink. The cost of the proposed irrigation system is $4,459.50. The indicators gave the values of NPV $7,420.18 and IRR of 64.03%.