Retos y oportunidades de la pitahaya ecuatoriana en el mercado de la República Popular China

Abstract

Ecuadorian pitahaya has established itself in recent years as a non-traditional export product with high potential in international markets, especially after its entry into the People's Republic of China in 2023. This market represents a strategic opportunity due to the growing consumption of exotic and functional fruits, although it also imposes demanding technical, sanitary, and logistical requirements. In this context, the study analyzes the challenges and opportunities associated with the process of Ecuadorian pitahaya entering, positioning, and maintaining a presence in the Chinese market.The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and a descriptive design, employing semi-structured interviews with Ecuadorian exporters experienced in the pitahaya trade to China. Analysis of the data revealed common perceptions regarding export performance, regulatory compliance, international logistics, and competitiveness compared to other supplier countries. The results demonstrate sustained growth in Ecuadorian pitahaya exports to China, facilitated by the entry into force of the bilateral trade agreement that eliminated the tariff applied to the product. However, those interviewed indicated that logistical costs, primarily associated with refrigerated maritime transport and geographical distance, remain a major challenge to profitability. Similarly, compliance with strict phytosanitary requirements and quality certifications, while necessary to guarantee product safety, increases operating costs and limits the participation of small and medium-sized producers.Despite these limitations, significant opportunities have been identified to strengthen the presence of Ecuadorian pitahaya in the Chinese market. Product differentiation, especially for yellow pitahaya, is valued as a competitive advantage due to its organoleptic characteristics, quality, and post-harvest shelf life.