Diseño y simulación de un sistema SCADA para el monitoreo y control automatizado de calidad del agua en cultivos de camarón mediante TIA PORTAL

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis focuses on the design and implementation of an automated system for monitoring and controlling physicochemical parameters in shrimp farming ponds. The project integrates sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, salinity, and ammonia, enabling real-time supervision of water quality conditions to ensure an optimal environment for shrimp growth and development. The developed system is based on a closed-loop control architecture implemented using a Siemens S7-1200 PLC programmed in TIA Portal with Ladder logic. The analog signals acquired from the sensors are properly scaled and processed within the PLC, where they are continuously compared with predefined setpoints. Based on this comparison, PID control algorithms generate output signals that actuate devices such as aerators and dosing systems, automatically regulating the critical variables of the process. Additionally, a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) was designed to allow real-time visualization of system variables, configuration of setpoints, alarm monitoring, and selection between manual and automatic operating modes. This integration significantly improves response capability to environmental variations, reduces constant manual intervention, and enhances operational efficiency in aquaculture management. The project also includes mathematical modeling and MATLAB simulation of the dissolved oxygen control system, comparing system behavior with and without PID control, demonstrating improvements in stability, settling time, and steady-state error reduction. The implementation of the proposed automated system contributes to increased productivity, reduced operational risks, and improved technological management in the aquaculture sector.